Instigation of the hostage crisis of 1979 Essay

Prompting of the prisoner emergency of 1979 - Essay Example The Iran Hostage Crisis started on November 4, 1979; when the ace Ayatollah understudies broke into the US international safe haven in Iran and took around 66 90 individuals prisoner, of which 66 were Americans. Thirteen prisoners were later liberated, bringing the number down to 53. Practically these 13 prisoners discharged were accepted to be African-American ladies, who in their view had a past filled with mistreatment by the very nation they were residents of . Another prisoner was later discharged in 1980 bringing the complete number of prisoners held down to 52. The prisoners were at last liberated following 444 days on 21st January 1981.This matched with the debut address of President Ronald Reagan. There are a few inquiries that are being posed on what could have been the genuine reason for the assault on the US international safe haven in Tehran by the ace Ayatollah understudies. There are fluctuated sees on what could have persuaded them into the demonstration. No compelling reason to begin another section. The point has not changed. You open another section just when you change to another point. It is by and large said that the acknowledgment of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi in New York may have been the reason for the emergency. Regardless of the acknowledgment of Shah into US soil being taken to be the quick reason for the assault, the prisoner taking was really persuaded by substantially more than Shah’s acknowledgment. Despite the fact that, by all accounts, Shah's acknowledgment into the U.S. soil was affirmed to be the primary driver behind the prisoner emergency, the genuine purposes for the inspiration ran a lot further than that. This The prisoner emergency was a road consequently utilized as front by that the members in the demonstration used to make their dismay known and to show that they were splitting ceaselessly from the past where the Americans had been meddling with the Iran’s interior issues by supporting the Shah.

How Executives Should Answer One Scary Interview Question Who Wrote Your Resume

How Executives Should Answer One Scary Interview Question Who Wrote Your Resume Should officials compose their own resumes? As an official resume author, I run into a specific number of individuals who accept each activity up-and-comer, paying little heed to industry, ought to compose their own resume. While I concur emphatically that understudies ought to compose their own scholarly papers and school application articles, I ponder whether officials ought to compose their own resumes. Consider it. Officials are not being decided on their capacity to design an excellent record and art incredible projectiles about themselves. They have not gone through years examining and rehearsing the specialty of resume composing. What is an executive’s work? All C-Level administrators need ground breaking technique aptitudes and the capacity to oversee and inspire groups. A CTO has to know innovation. A CFO has to know money. A CMO has to know showcasing. A CEO needs to actualize elevated level system; guarantee that groups are working ideally; settle on key choices that serve the wellbeing of both the organization and its clients; keep tasks running easily; and liaise between the top managerial staff and corporate activities. No place in this rundown is being an extraordinary essayist, visual originator, or resume slug crafter. So for what reason should an official ever compose their own resume? I can’t think about an explanation. Truth be told, the most capable and achieved official could be undersold and undermined by a self-developed resume. Furthermore, isn’t an executive’s employment to assign obligation to others as opposed to get trapped in the weeds? Fruitful officials are all around keen on utilizing their time. They don't have 10 hours to spend wrestling over how to introduce their achievements recorded as a hard copy. They would prefer to pay somebody to do what that individual progresses nicely, in administration of an extraordinary outcome. The inquiry question Given this, what would it be a good idea for you to do in the event that you are an official and in a meeting, you are asked who composed your resume? One employing chief, whom I will call Mike, utilized that â€Å"trick† question to vet up-and-comers. He composes, â€Å"I discovered a great deal by the response to that question. The best reaction I at any point heard was an unruffled ‘I contracted with somebody great in that business. See, [Mike], you are talking with me for the Chief Technical Officer position. I care about the nature of the final product. I dont compose programming just as a portion of the people in the Engineering gathering. I dont compose continues just as the administration. Nature of result and cost count.’† Mike proceeds, â€Å"Ive seen a few competitors get bothered and ramble nonsensically. I even had one applicant guarantee he composed it, just to interfere with me ten minutes after the fact to repudiate himself.† I was struck in this story by the characteristics this effective candidate’s answer appeared: trustworthiness, genuineness, definitiveness, the capacity to remain clear under tension, an outcomes center, and a guarantee to finding the best individuals to carry out any responsibility. Those are characteristics I would need in an official. Official obligations as a vocation up-and-comer In any event, when another person composes your official resume, you experience the way toward getting clear about the difficulties you confronted, the moves you made, and the outcomes you accomplished. That is each executive’s work to do, with the help of a resume author whenever wanted. My recommendation is to done your absolute best, and to use your assets ideally to do that. What's your opinion about officials composing their own resumes? Do you have some other top pick, uncovering inquiries addresses you need to share? If it's not too much trouble remark underneath!

How to Ask your Parents for Help with Your College Essay

How to Ask your Parents for Help with Your College Essay How to Ask Your Parents for Help with Your College Essay How to Ask Your Parents for Help with Your College Essay How do you tap into your parents brains? Its simple! Ask for questions. Tell a close friend or family member you trust about your topic and ask him or her to assign you a set of interview questions. If this person read an essay about this topic, written by you, what would they want to know? Prewriting a response to bitesized prompts is a great way to inspire a new flood of ideas and break through initial free-writing trepidation. Make sure to request that whoever asks these questions challenges you to dig for details. You are trying to tell a vivid story that stays interesting for the length of an entire essay. If for example, youre writing about your journey through the intimidating world of improv comedy, maybe your mom will ask you: What was your scariest attempt at coming up with an idea off the cuff? Which random character do you enjoy playing the most and how do you decide what kinds of details you will try to bring into a new scene? Why is improv scarier than a presentation at the front of the classroom? Getting a new mind in the mix will allow you to address questions that you wouldnt have thought to ask yourself. How do you tap into your parents brains? Its simple! Ask for questions. Tell a close friend or family member you trust about your topic and ask him or her to assign you a set of interview questions. If this person read an essay about this topic, written by you, what would they want to know? Prewri About CEA HQView all posts by CEA HQ » Want an expert to take a look at your essay? We're waiting for your call! GIVE US A RING »

Obesity Obesity And Obesity - 1318 Words

Obesity Epidemic Due to Fast Food or Something More Obesity is rising at a rapid rate here in the United States, especially childhood obesity. The obesity epidemic is one of the country’s most serious health problems. Adult obesity rates have doubled since 1980 from 15 to 30 percent, while childhood obesity rates have more than tripled. Is there a link in obesity and fast food eating? Are fast food restaurants to blame for our nation’s obesity issues? Or are we ourselves and our lack of knowledge or desire to be healthier, to blame? People want to blame everyone and everything for our children’s obesity issues. The number one blame is places on fast food restaurants. Claims that fast food is the main reason our children are overweight and unhealthy. They blame the lack of nutritional information on the product, portion size, the advertising being masculine and enticing to men or boys. On the other hand is it not people’s responsibility to educate themselves on calorie intake, nutritional value, potion control, and healthier alternatives. Aren’t parents responsible for instilling healthy living into their children? Since 1970, the amount of fast food restaurants in business doubled, which equates to about 300,000 establishments in the United States. Coincidentally, 33.8 percent of the U.S. population is affected by obesity and 19 percent of children and adolescents are also affected. Could there be a link between fast food and obesity? Let’s look at a few typical fast foodShow MoreRelatedObesity : Obesity And Obesity986 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is one of the major health epidemics that human being struggle to deal with it. Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessively high body fat in relation to lean body mass. In the last 20 years, people started complaining that fast food is the main cause of rising obesity. However, a lot of research proves that fast food is not the source of obesity. The rising obesity problem cannot be blamed on the fast food industry; there are several other factors leads to obesity. OverRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity798 Words   |  4 Pages Obesity Close to over one-third of adults living in the United States are obese (Diet and Obesity). Unfortunately, one third of children in the United States are also obese or overweight. Obesity has grown throughout the United States and has led to major health problem and can even be fatal. About 365,000 or more people die every year due to obesity. With numbers increasing obesity should be furthered examined to help prevent these conditionsRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1442 Words   |  6 Pages5/13/16 Take home Project: Obesity Obesity basically means having too much body fat. Not being overweight for your height, having too much muscle, or water in your body. What exactly is obesity? â€Å"Obesity is a condition that is associated with having an excess of body fat, defined by genetic and environmental factors that are difficult to control when dieting. Obesity is classified as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or greater. BMI is a tool used to measure obesity. Obesity increases your risk ofRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pagesleads to health risks and obesity, people are still putting unhealthy food into their body daily.   The United States has the highest obesity rate in the world by 6% and the government should be helping to lower that percentage (http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Health/Obesity).   The best for the United States to help the obesity rate is by implementing a fat tax.   A fat tax is a tax on foods that are considered unhealthy and are believed to lead people to obesity.   The main way fat taxesRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1417 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerned. Doctors often use a formula based on height and weight, called body mass index (BMI), to determine obesity. Children with a BMI over 21 is considered obese and over 18 is overweight (Arnett, J.J.2016). Adults with a BMI of 30 or more are considered obese. Severe obesity, also known as severe obesity or morbid obesity, occurs when a BMI of 40 or more is present. With morbid obesity, there may be serious health problems. If children do not have enough activities, they will not be able to burnRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1413 Words   |  6 Pagescertificates, diabetes was mentioned as a cause of death (6). The Centers for Disease Control refers to â€Å"twin epidemics of diabetes and obesity, because obesity greatly increases the risk of diabetes, and the number of Americans who are obese has been increasing rapidly† (9). A newl y developed term, â€Å"diabesity,† is commonly used to represent the close relationship between obesity and diabetes (8). Type 1 diabetes usually occurs in childhood and is defined when the pancreas fails to produce a healthy amountRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity892 Words   |  4 Pagesadults are considered obese in America. In recent years obesity is the health topic of choice these days because obesity in America is a growing epidemic. One out of twenty people in America have extreme obesity. According to a 2009-2010 survey conducted by the National Health and Nutrition examination this data states that about one third of children and adolescents ages six to nine are considered to be overweight or obese. Adolescent obesity has more than tripled in young adults and doubled in childrenRead MoreObesity : Obesity And The Obesity2209 Words   |  9 Pages OBESITY in America As the world is growing day by day the problem of obesity is also increasing all over the world. Since from1980 to 2014, the obesity has risen two times as compared to the previous years. The obesity is related to the how much energy is left, but the most important cause of having the obesity is â€Å"dysbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure† (Nazarii Kobyliak 1). The obesity is the excessive fat in the body and it can cause to any age group form child to the oldRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity985 Words   |  4 Pages Obesity is one of the major health epidemic that human being struggle to deal with it. Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessively high body fat in relation to lean body mass. In the last 20 years, people started complaining that fast food is the main cause of rising obesity. However, a lot of research proves that fast food is not the source of obesity. The rising obesity problem cannot be blamed on the fast food industry ; there are several other factors leads to obesity. Read MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1703 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States have the highest rate of people battling obesity, with childhood obesity on the rise. Just about one-third of adults in America are obese, and about 17% of children are obese. There are many health problems associated with obesity, which are preventable. America has state and local programs to prevent obesity, which Centers for Disease control and Prevention funds in all 50 states. Obesity is considered one of the highest killers since the 1980’s, with fast food shops on the rise

The Politics Of Power By Ira Katznelson - 1315 Words

In the chapter â€Å"Foreign Policy† in the book, â€Å"The Politics of Power† by Ira Katznelson, Mark Kesselman, and Alan Draper, describes in detail of the events leading to America’s great level of dominance. Throughout the chapter, a few key points were made. The main three points that were observed in this chapter consisted of America’s influence and global expansion, the transition into the globalization era, and environmental problems. From the beginning of the exploration era, to the globalization ear, foreign policy never escaped existence. The use of foreign policy continued into the beginning of World War II, after the war, and through present day. Between each date in history, foreign policy increasingly has played a major role in the turning tides within each event. The importance of foreign policy instructed the world into what it is today and has continued to do so. The relationship pertaining to the United States and its foreign policies h ave aimlessly been altered through good and bad times. At its birth, America’s international involvement began. Through time, its foreign policy has gained great interest and provided immense dominant reputation. Within the ordinance of America’s global dominance, speculation estimates that no nation truly is dominant as other problems counter true dominance. These problems consist of global warming, human rights, and ecological crisis. These problems will challenge nations in the future to answer the question: â€Å"What nation is trulyShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Franklin Roosevelt s New Deal1301 Words   |  6 Pagessystem was initally set up and contrasting that to how it was after the New Deal or Deals were passed. What powers that granted and in what areas, how this effected federal government’s role on a local level, the implications of such changes as well as some of the controvercies and issues that arose from these changes. The Roosevelt family have had a resounding impact on American Politics, Franklin’s wife Elenor (neice of Theodore Roosevelt) is often cited as one of the worlds most influentialRead MoreReview Of Alan Brinkley s The Unfinished Nation1638 Words   |  7 Pagesevaluated was Ira Katznelson s Fear Itself, published in 2014. This source is valuable in its origin because Katznelson is an Americanist--a specialist in American culture and history--allowing him to be knowledgeable in most, if not all, American historical events such as the Great Depression. The purpose is valuable in that through examination of the New Deal through a juxtaposition of the struggles of the American democracy with the dictatorships in Berlin, Rome, and Moscow, Ira Katznelson analyzesRead MoreLabor Rights and Reform994 Words   |  4 Pagesaffect future generations. Both the readings and films serve as an excellent lesson to contemporary politics. The fight for labor rights has not disappeared, and has in fact become a dire situation yet again. Many Americans have become disillusioned with need to have labor rights either because they are unfamiliar with the fight and gains made by past generations, or by the shift to right-wing politics. Aggressive tactics such as striking and large social movements are very rarely used as a way to achieveRead MoreImportance Of Exodus For The Jewish Community. Name Of1284 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Historians and scholars have been discussing what some of the most prominent and influential events have been in history. There have been discussions about such events as the French Revolution as being extremely important in terms of the politics of the world and democracy. Other than that, we find that Christians have talked about how the crucifixion of Jesus Christ can be depicted as the most important and influential event of all time. Moreover, Muslims consider the revelations broughtRead MorePolitical Issues On Student Loans1962 Words   |  8 Pagesbelieve that capitalism is a corrupt system, exploiting the disadvantaged in order to give others a larger benefit. They believe that individual freedom becomes unfair, especially for those at the bottom of the distribution of wealth and income. (Katznelson) In a way, it is true. Nowadays whether a student can have the admission of a college not only depends on his or her ability, but the affordability is also involved. The highe r affordability of tuition a student have, the higher chance of admissionRead MoreWhiteness and Citizenship971 Words   |  4 Pageswhich racial identities evolve. The field of whiteness studies came out on the 1980s, and a large body of work appeared on the 1990s. We can date the fields genesis in history to Alexander Saxtons The Rise and Fall of the White Republic: Class Politics and Mass Culture in Nineteenth-Century America, and it’s academic acceptance to the 1992 publication of Toni Morrisons Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. It is a very new field with no journals, professional associationRead MoreConfronting The Veil2403 Words   |  10 PagesStates(Wikipedia). He was one of many great scholars that worked at the prestigious Howard University and a great intellectual leader of the social science at the university. He was born in Richmond, Virginia, in 1899. Harris first taste of Radical politics was at his college Virginia Union Universi ty where he published â€Å"Black Communist in Dixie†. He then went on after graduation to work for the National Urban League as a researcher, before going back to work at Howard for 2 years, and there was evenRead MoreWhiteness as a Field of Study2712 Words   |  11 Pageswhich racial identities evolve. The field of whiteness studies came out on the late 1980s, and a large body of work appeared on the 1990s. We can date the fields genesis in history to Alexander Saxtons The Rise and Fall of the White Republic: Class Politics and Mass Culture in Nineteenth-Century America, and it’s academic acceptance to the 1992 publication of Toni Morrisons Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. It is a very new field with no journals, professional association

Mutations Free Essays

Cancer is a disease of genes that gone out of control. Certain genes that direct the orderly replication of cells have malfunctioned and cause the cell to divide unabated. Eventually, these damaged cells spread into neighboring cells of other tissues and multiply all over the body. We will write a custom essay sample on Mutations or any similar topic only for you Order Now All cancer is genetic in origin, that is, it is initially set off by altered genes. However, just a tiny portion of cancer is inherited: a mutation carried in reproductive cells, passed on from one generation to the next, and present in cells throughout the body. Most cancers come from random mutations that develop in body cells during one’s lifetime – either as a mistake when cells are going through cell division or in response to injuries from environmental agents such as radiation or chemicals. Cancer usually arises in a single cell. The cell’s progress from normal to malignant to metastatic appears to follow a series of distinct steps, each one controlled by a different gene or set of genes. Several types of genes have been implicated. Oncogenes normally encourage cell growth; when mutated or overexpressed, they can flood cells with signals to keep on dividing. Tumor-suppressor genes normally restrain cell growth; when missing or inactivated by a mutation, they allow cells to grow and divide uncontrollably. (The inherited genes that predispose for breast and ovarian cancer, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, retinoblastoma, Wilms’ tumor, and familial adenomatous polyposis are malfunctioning tumor-suppressor genes.) DNA repair genes appear to trigger cancer – and perhaps other inherited disorders – not by spurring cell growth but by failing to correct mistakes that occur as DNA copies itself, letting mutations accumulate at thousands of sites. (Genes that have been linked to hereditary colon cancer are such â€Å"proofreader† genes.)    How to cite Mutations, Essay examples

Cognitive Behavioral Process in Crisis Intervention

Question: Discuss about the Cognitive Behavioral Process in Crisis Intervention. Answer: Introduction Crisis is a situation when an individual or a group or an organisation goes through an expected or unexpected happening of an event which brings some sort of changes, shock or negativity in their day-to-day life. The idea to deal with such kind of situations is known as Crisis Intervention. This helps in coming out of a disturbing life and in leading positive life again. People who provide with such kind of crisis assistance are known as Crisis Intervention Counsellor (worker) or Human Service Workers. They are the ones whom should be contacted during the situations of stress (trauma) and post trauma so that they can provide their best of help in coming out of it (France Weikel, 2014). Further will be discussed the topics: description of Crisis and Crisis Intervention, crisis impact on persons functioning, description of 7-task hybrid model, the challenges in implementation of the model and ways to overcome them. This will help in knowing better the state of mind of a person going through stressful situation and the impact of the same on their functioning. Description of Crisis Crisis can be explained as a critical and stressful situation which leads to depression, distress and unrest to ones mind and body. It can occur in individuals, groups or organizations (Roberts Ottens, 2005). The cause of crisis can be any event which was lethal, traumatic or was full of distress. At the same time the individual was unable to cope / deal with the situation and come out of it and also according to their perception it was an event of great loss. Crisis Intervention is basically the solutions which can be provided to the individuals or anyone going through the crisis situation or any kind of sensitive, bodily or psychological problems. Crisis workers are the ones who provide assistance to such individuals in order to help them in changing their negative perception into positive perception towards work, people or life. Crisis Intervention helps the person to solve the problem. The central aim of crisis intervention is to bring back the client (victim) back to the normal functional level. It helps the client to hold back from going into a deep trauma situation because if the person is not brought back from that phase then it can be disastrous as the person can go into a suicidal, violent or psychosomatic phase which can lead to another big loss (Dattilio Freeman, 2007). Crisis impact on persons functioning A crisis worker should be able to make out that what is making the person get affected and what type of crisis is doing so. It can be noticed by their gestures, behaviour, feelings and functioning (Yeager Roberts, 2015). Observing their behaviour will tell you about their current frame of mind. Crisis can affect a person in many ways like when a person goes into long term shock, finds it very difficult to face people, goes into isolation, frustration, hopeless about life, finds it really tough to cope with day to day activities etc. Crisis happens when one faces situations like death of loved one, any kind of irrecoverable physical illness, insolvency, loss or hating of job, feeling of powerlessness. It leads to both physical and mental disorders like downheartedness, worry, self-hatred, overthinking, intolerance, lack of motivation, tiredness, improper eating habits, pain, loss of sleep, restlessness (Potter,et al., 2017). ABC Model The impact of crisis on a persons functioning can be discussed by understanding the ABC Model of crisis intervention. This model has three steps: Achieving rapport, boiling the problem and then finally coping. In the very first step the crisis counsellor needs to cultivate a bond with the client in order to get to know all minor details of the event which has brought the client in the stress situation. The counsellor can build a sense of understanding by listening to the client patiently and attentively, by asking the right kind of questions (open ended or close ended) which will give the answers that are needed to have a deep insight of the clients feelings and thereafter providing proper advices or solutions to the client through which the client will be able to deal with the emotional instability and imbalance (France, 2007). The counsellor should also again elucidate what has been understood from their conversation very gently so that there is no such part that has been overlooke d by he counsellor. This will also help the counsellor to clear all the misperceptions and get a richer understanding. In the second step the counsellor should deeply examine the problem. The counsellor will get to know about how much intensely the client is affected by the happening of the event. The level of emotional stress and how much difficult it is to get back to normal. The worker must keep an eye on the behaviour of the client and should notice activities like breathing, listening power of the client, alertness, how calm the person is, withdraws from the middle of the conversation, trying to run out of situation or not and also keep check of the tendencies of the client to attempt suicide or if can be destructive to others. In the third step the worker needs to help the client to cope up with the problem which can be done by investing the client into the thoughts full of life. In order to encourage the client to survive with the crisis, it is essential to suggest with more ideas to hack the situation. It is very essential that the effort has to be from both the sides of the counsellor as well as the client. This stage also deals with the idea of the client to look at things differently (Kanel, 2015). Description of 7-task hybrid Model The very first task is Predispositioning / Engaging / initiating contact: This step explains the opening of the interaction between the client and the counsellor (James Gilliland, 2013). The more comfortable they both (client and counsellor) will be the more better it will be for them. The introduction is very important aspect of this step because the counsellor should be very friendly while introducing. Also the counsellor should always start the conversation as it will make the foundation of their rapport stronger. The second task is exploring the problem which is very important task of the counsellor. The whole problem should be understood from clients angle because it is important to know what client thinks about the problem and what all has brought the client into such situation also the reasons which are not allowing the person to come out of it (James Gilliland, 2013). The third task is of providing support to the client in whatever way needed to resolve the problem and what all support systems are available and to what extent the counsellor is required to act as the centre support to the client. The fourth task is to examine all the alternatives which the client is not able to see and feels oneself trapped in a vicious circle of problems. Alternatives can be examining of different support systems which can be people, environment, things and optimistic thinking. People who are concerned for the client can be a good option to help the client in dealing and coming out of the crisis. The client and the counsellor should not find more and more alternatives but only just one real practical option which can get them through (James Gilliland, 2013). The fifth task is making plans i.e. to implement the best chosen alternative (s) in task 4 into planning pipeline and then preparing for action. The counsellor should select the best alternative which will bring back the client into the normal mode of life. The counsellor should consistently escort the client to move on with the plan, the client should never develop a feeling of loneliness otherwise the whole procedure will go in vain. The sixth task is to obtain commitment from the client which can be in the verbal or written form which will prove that the client has accepted the idea to resolve the crisis and at the same time is dedicated to so (James Gilliland, 2013). The seventh and the last task is the follow-up of the plan taken upon by the counsellor and the client to resolve the crisis. The follow-up tenure cannot be decided for particular hours, days, weeks instead it is a long-term procedure which should be taken care of by the worker when started and must also make sure that the plan is functioning. This will also bring back the balance state of mind of the client (James Gilliland, 2013). Challenges of the 7-task hybrid model The challenges which the client and the counsellor will face are to make harmony with a person who is stranger to you moreover, during such crucial time when the client is not at all comfortable to make a rapport with anyone unknown. Crisis worker should know the suicidal, homicidal or abusive instinct of the client so that the worker feels safe during the sessions of crisis intervention. Also the person should be aware enough about when to approach a crisis worker at times when it is needed. The person (victim) should not at all be hesitant in doing so and at the same time the effort should also come from his/her side because it will be helpful in resolving the problem (Kfir, 2014). Developing the interest of the client in positive activities and building back the motivation of the client to normal and investing oneself in those tasks which will pull him/her out of that problem instead of thinking about destructive thoughts. All this can only be done by the help of the crisis worker. Coordination between the client and the counsellor should be very firm so that the counsellor should be able to understand with clients viewpoint and the client should give full support to the counsellor in solving all his/her problems (Cavaiola Colford, 2011). Overcoming the challenges To deal with the above challenges the effort needs to initiate from both the sides of the client and the counsellor (Greenstone Leviton, 2011). Basically, both need to stand in each others shoes and then they will be able to deal with situations properly. This can be done by taking sessions in calm and pleasant environment like parks, churches, NGOs so that the counsellor can make the client feel different and pleased. Counsellor can organise meetings with the people who are close to the client and get more detailed information about his/her behaviour, likes, dislikes, the summary of the crisis event so that it will help the counsellor to go prepared with the homework to meet the client and this will definitely help the counsellor in better understanding of the client. Counsellor can ask for the story of the event from client as this will make the client even more comfortable in talking about it. Friendly behaviour of the counsellor will take the intervention process a step forward in solving the crisis situation. The counsellor should make his/her own interpretation of the whole conversation and take down all the important points which he/she feels will help him/her in solving the clients problem. With all these steps the client will cultivate a sense of belongingness and confidence with the counsellor. And finally this will ensure a smooth running of the crisis intervention process. Conclusion The above essay concludes about what crisis is and what is its impact on an individuals functioning i.e. day-to-day life and ways to deal with it. Crisis Intervention is important to tackle situations of crisis through ABC model and the 7-task hybrid model. The 7-task model should be followed in overcoming a crisis problem. There will be challenges during the whole process but there are ways discussed to resolve them. References Cavaiola, A, A Colford, J, E. (2011). Crisis Intervention Case Book. Brooks Cole. Belmont, USA. Dattilio, F ,M Freeman, A. (2007). Cognitive-Behavioral Strategies in Crisis Intervention. (ed, 3rd). The Guildford Press. New York, USA. France, K Weikel, K. (2014). Helping Skills for Human Service Workers. (ed, 3rd). Charles C Thomas. Publisher Ltd. Springfield, USA. France, K. (2007). Crisis Intervention: A Handbook of Immediate Person-to-Person Help. (ed, 5th). Charles C Thomas. Publisher Ltd. Springfield, USA. Greenstone, J, L Leviton, S, C. (2011). Elements of Crisis Intervention: Crisis and How to Respond to Them. (ed, 3rd). Brooks Cole. Belmont, USA. James, K, R Gilliland, B. (2013). Crisis Intervention Strategies. (ed, 7th). Brooks Cole. Belmont, USA. Kanel, K. (2015). A guide to Crisis Intervention. (ed, 3rd). Cengage Learning. Stamford, USA. Kfir, N. (2014). Crisis Intervention Verbatim. J.P. Tarcher. Inc. Los Angeles, USA. Potter, P, A, Perry, A, G, Stockhert, P, A Amy, A, M. (2017). Fundamentals of Nursing. (ed, 9th). Elsevier. St Louis, Missouri. Roberts, A, R. Ottens, A, J. (2005). Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervetion. Vol.5. No.4, pp: 329-339. Yeager, K, R Roberts, A, R. (2015). Crisis Intervention handbook. (ed, 4th). Oxford University Press. New York, USA.

Sports Chalet Marketing Plan

Introduction Marketing communication strategies are important in aligning a company towards the target market in order to achieve optimal sales. The main determinants of a successful marketing communication plan lies in the proper brand alignment and research on segmentation.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Sports Chalet Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to achieve the desired goals, positioning ensures clear difference of a company’s products from the existing products of its competitors. The strategic plan should internalize the aspects of business vision, mission, values, communication plan, and a balanced scorecard. Thus, this reflective paper will attempt to review the business and marketing environment of the Sport Chalet Company. Company description The Sport Chalet Company has been in operation for the last six decades. The company operates in the sports apparel industry and has fifty one stores spread across the U.S. The main categories of products retailed in this company include men’s wear, women’s wear, team sports gear, shoes, and solo sports gear. Among the most visible sports brands that are featured in the Sport Chalet store are Diamondback, Adidas, Nike, Premcor, and Columbia. The company specializes in sporting goods for sporting activities such as football, camping, Scuba, basketball, fitness, and swimming among others. In addition, the store has expanded it scope of operation to include rental services for sports and adventure equipment. The store features properly arranged sections for each category of the apparels it stocks (Sport Chalet, par. 2). The Sport Chalet store has grown over the years into relatively new markets and customer segments across the U.S. From its humble beginning in La Canada, the company expanded into Huntington Beach and other parts of Southern California. Following the success of its team and sol o sports gear products, the company expanded into the consultancy services and Scuba classes. The company has been active in the NASDAQ since the year 1992. Sport Chalet boasts of a very dynamic and talented workforce. The company has introduced an online shopping platform which has become very popular in the last five years. The company has been facing competition from establishments such as the Adventure 16, Dick’s Sporting Goods, and the Sports Authority companies (Sport Chalet, par. 5).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rationale for developing a marketing communication plan for the company The Sport Chalet will eventually need to embrace more traditional media marketing in order to keep growing, especially when targeting clients. In order to effectively reach such audience, the proposed marketing communication plan will suggest the best advertisement strategie s to cover its wide market area (Cheverton 21). Through the proposed marketing communication plan, the Sport Chalet will become a global brand that is preferred by most sports enthusiasts. The company will definitely have to branch out beyond its target market due to the brand dynamics and the need to expand market base. The company will have to decentralize its marketing strategies to meet the specific demands or consumer behaviour if it decides to implement internalisation strategies that will be proposed (Cheverton 41). These aspects influence the need to carry out a comprehensive marketing communication plan the Sport Chalet Company. Conclusion The Sport Chalet Company is positioned to reap heavily from the recommendations that will be in the proposed marketing communication plan. Despite its wide market, there is need to counter competition and ensure business sustainability. Currently, the market dynamics discussed above should be skewed to optimise the company’s produc t performance. The strategies to ensure business sustainability will be presented in the proposed marketing communication plan. Works Cited Cheverton, Philip. Key marketing skills: Strategies, tools, and techniques for marketing success, London, UK: Kogan Page, 2004. Print.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Sports Chalet Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sport Chalet. About Us. 15 Sep. 2014. Web. This case study on Sports Chalet Marketing Plan was written and submitted by user Lea Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

definitions essays

definitions essays 1. abusive relationship: when one partner in a relationship becomes violent or aggressive toward the other. 2. accommodation: according to Piaget, changing existing knowledge based on new knowledge. 3. achievement status: identity status in which adolescents have explored alternative identities and are now secure in their chosen identities. 4. active euthanasia: deliberate ending of someones life. 5. activities of daily living (ADLs): self-care tasks such as eating, bathing, toileting, walking, or dressing. 6. activity: dimension of temperament defined by the tempo and vigor of a childs activity. 7. adaptation level: area where environmental press is average for a particular level of competence. 8. addiction: physical dependence on a particular substance, such as alcohol. 9. adolescent egocentrism: self-absorption that is characteristic of teenagers as they search for identity. 10. aerobic exercise: exercise that places a moderate on the heart by maintaining a pulse rate between 60% and 90% of the maximum heart rate. 11. age discrimination: denying a job or promotion to someone solely on the basis of their age. 12. age integrated housing: where people of all ages live together and interact. 13. age of viability: age at which a fetus can survive because most of its bodily systems function adequately; typically at seven months after conception. 14. age-segregated housing: where all residents are of the same age. 15. agreeableness: dimension of personality associated with being accepting, willing to work with others, and caring. 16. alert inactivity: state in which a baby is calm with eyes open and attentive, and the baby seems to be deliberately inspecting the environment. 17. alienation: when workers feel that what they are doing is meaningless, that their efforts are devalued, or when they do not see the connection between what they do and the final product. 19. altruism:...

Does the rotation of auditors improve the quality of auditing Essay - 3

Does the rotation of auditors improve the quality of auditing - Essay Example ntial advantages of MAR fail to outweigh costs incurred and other associated risks. 3 In this context, the essay will review the available literature that analyses whether rotation of auditors improve quality of auditing. It will use deductive reasoning to derive that while there are not much empirical data that prove MAR significantly improves audit quality, at the same time, there is not much conclusive evidence that shows MAR has an adverse effect on audit quality, thus keeping the debate open. Discussion Audit, audit quality and auditor rotation In the UK, it is mandatory for all public sector organisations and large business firms to produce an annual, audited financial report. In this context, the term auditing refers to â€Å"a systematic process of objectively gathering and evaluating evidence relating to assertions about economic actions and events in which the individual or organisation making the assertions has been engaged, to ascertain the degrees of correspondence betw een these assertions and established criteria.†4 The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) had recently published a report asking for public suggestions on the improvement of audit quality and auditor independence, wherein auditor rotation was taken into consideration.5 There are varying opinions on the effects of auditor rotation, and researches have revealed that existing literature fails to derive conclusively on the effects of audit rotation, hence researchers must be careful when analysing audit rotation reports from the past.6 Supporters for auditor rotation claimed that a long-term relationship between an auditor and a company develops a feeling of dependency that in turn diminishes audit quality.7 However, those against auditor rotation claimed that auditor rotation is an expensive process and the costs far exceed any derived advantages.8 Furthermore, they also claimed that auditor rotation is a hurdle, in regard developing a relationship between the firmâ €™s managers and auditors based on confidence and trust, and social exposures between the two often lead to improved audit quality, without hampering auditor independence.9 The theoretical debate on the issue of auditor rotation is based on how one views the auditor. If the auditor is seen as a medium for wealth optimisation, there are various theories that support the concept that there is an improvement of audit quality due to rotation.10 However, if one viewed the auditor as an agent for the principals, rotation is deemed disadvantageous, and a long-term relationship would allow the auditor to get a better understanding of the principals’ objectives, thus making him/her a better auditor.11 The term ‘audit quality’ denotes the probability that an auditor will find shortcomings within a firm’s accounting system (competence), and will report on them (independence).12

Companies must constantly improve the integrity and honesty of their Essay

Companies must constantly improve the integrity and honesty of their brands. Demographic trends have a huge effect on brand development and sustainability. Disc - Essay Example Therefore, investor’s and researchers are always concerned about the actual effects and results of marketing components including advertisement, sales promotions, and company emblems - upon the consumer’s perception and their consequence upon brand equity. In the last decade, a lot of research has been dedicated to conceptualizing and measuring customer-based brand equity. However, apart from putting forth various influencing factors, no integrative framework has so far been developed to account for the complex psychological processes underlying the formation of customer-based brand equity. In this context, this paper attempts to propose such a framework by drawing on the theory of the Elaboration Likelihood Model in order to study the effect of demographic trends on the sustainability of a brand in terms of its honesty and integrity. The modern day consumers’ decision making as far a choice of a brand remains widely unquestioned as far as practical observations and research go. As discussed through our five areas of research earlier, there are a variety of models to conceptualize and measure "brand equity" in order to explain how brand equity is generated in the consumer’s mind. These models consist of a thorough analysis of each factor that influences the decision making process as well as several synoptic approaches examining the influence of different variables on brand equity are available (Kotler, 1997 , p. 443). This promotes a deeper understanding of the elements of brand identity. Brand Identity is that element of customer perception and awareness which has its focus in the results of a certain kind of projection through the brand equity building measures. This calls for an integrative model which will combine the basic elements of the brand identity and brand equity concepts so as to create a platform for the effective discussion of the Elaboration Likelihood Model. While on one hand a brand may have visible, tangible,

The importance and potential of job rotation

The importance and potential of job rotation Job rotation is the surest way of keeping the employee away complaint and daily routine. It is difficult for an employee to sustain his interest in the given job. Humans have the tendency that they want to earn profit from job rotation like learning and experience in different jobs in a specified period. In an organization, Job rotation has importance because it effects the performance of employees and also effects the profit of a company or organization. By job rotation employees developed himself a lot learn that how the task will complete or what is the parameter is required for the different jobs. A well planned job rotation programmed in an organization has immense potential of positive impact on job satisfaction, engagement of people and finally on retention of people. Few of the outcomes of job rotation with respect to the individual are: Job enrichment Overall development Intrinsic motivation to perform caused by newer challenges Career development Leadership development Aligning competencies with organizational requirements Lower attrition rates Performance improvement driven by unique view points of new people Organizational interest employee commitment, attrition rates, specific business issues etc. Eligibility of the employees qualification, prior experience, aptitude, competence etc. nature mandatory or voluntary Duration Basis of selection etc. In the absence of aspects brought out above, there is every possibility that the seriousness with which the job rotation scheme is implemented in the company may get diluted and become a cause of sagging employee motivation. Job rotations at different levels of management For job rotations at a slightly higher level, it is absolutely necessary that the business problems in various areas are identified. This calls for the active involvement of top management. Select most suitable people to be shifted from their current jobs to tackle the challenges at hand by considering individual attributes already described above. This will not only provide an insight for the future leaders in various aspects of the business but also will enhance their confidence levels as they solve these critical problems for the organization. Job rotation at junior and middle level executives may be pivoted around their strengths and attributes and the future roles expected of them. Focus must be on exposure in all related areas of his domain of expertise, so that as they grow to higher rungs of the management, they have an overall experience of their domain. Job rotations for workers must include aspects related to work environment, also along with other individual attributes already explained, so that it adds to his satisfaction derived from balanced distribution of work load, working conditions and learning opportunities. Done this way job rotation gets aligned with career development, leadership development and employee satisfaction which would finally result in higher levels of intrinsic motivation among the employees and hence may contribute in retaining talent Benefits of job rotation programs for learning, Motivation and Performance I) Business benefits and impacts 1.  Business results   effective systems improve business results especially in the areas of sales, product improvement and customer service. 2.  Increased productivity   because highly skilled innovators and top performers are placed in the right job, the productivity and effectiveness of these individuals will be multiplied driving and increase in the effectiveness of the overall workforce. 3.  Better business cycle fit   in larger organizations, some parts of the business are in different lifecycle stages (i.e. seed, start-up, established, expansion, decline, and exit). Proactive and targeted movement better ensures that an individual is placed in a business cycle where their skills and interests are a better fit. 4.  Increased innovation and idea generation   moving individuals into new situations provides them with an opportunity to view things as an outsider and to propose new approaches that insiders might not see. 5.  Best practice sharing   as more individuals rotate between business units, the likelihood that best practices will be shared rapidly increases. Increased internal movement can result in the cross fertilization of ideas between previously isolated business units. 6.  Increased agility and flexibility   having the capability of moving talent from areas of low return to areas of high-return increases organizational agility and the ability of management to shift resources as needs change. 7.  Better understanding and cooperation   by rotating individuals between disparate business units, individuals from both units can learn to better understand and appreciate the perspective of others. Increased movement helps to break down hierarchical silos and information and talent hoarding. For example, purchasing professionals can better understand the problems faced by the individuals that have to operate under purchasing guidelines if they occasionally rotated into those business units. 8.  Improved contacts and relationships   increasing internal movement allows individuals to build their contacts and to strengthen their relationship with individuals outside of the direct team. II) People-management related and HR related impacts 11.  More talent is available   because individuals are proactively selected and moved faster, there are more and better qualified individuals available to managers with sudden or new strategic needs, than when individuals self select themselves for movement. 12.  Improved employer brand image   in a tight economy, everyone is likely to be heavily focused on job security. If you provide and publicize your focus on inside hiring preferences, it will bolster the firms external brand image of offering long time employment security and a good place to work because you focus on the needs of your current employees. The increased security that you offer may also increase the retention rate of your current employees. Excellent internal movement programs are frequently praised by employees and the business press. If you have an excellent program, it will help you build your external image as an employer of choice and a best place to work. 13.  Allows for more entry level hiring   by filling most jobs internally through transfers or promotions you allow the firm to do to do almost all of its external hiring at the entry level. This is a good thing because entry-level jobs are cheaper to fill, have a larger candidate pool and give the firm more time to train and assess unknown external hires while they are in jobs where they can do less damage. 14.  Higher retention rates   rapid movement minimizes frustration and burnout. People working in their ideal job are unlikely to find a superior opportunity outside the firm. 15.  Leadership development   multiple on-the-job learning opportunities are likely to develop leaders faster and more effectively because the development assignments will include opportunities to lead more teams under a variety of circumstances. 16.  More promotional opportunities   more rapid development and more internal movement creates a greater number of new opportunities for employees to get promoted and move up. 17.  Increase motivation and excitement   not only is the individual more excited because they have a chance to grow but each permanent internal movement also provides an opportunity to back fill that position, further motivating others to strive for promotions and transfers. 18.  Increased learning   as individuals move more frequently not only will they gain more knowledge but they will also develop mechanisms for learning faster when they enter future situations. 19.  Increase technical skill development   moving between diverse projects provides an increased opportunity to develop current technical skills and to learn new skills. 23.  Decreased time to productivity   your current employees already know the culture, the company jargon and they already have a range of contacts. As a result, internal transfers and promotions can begin the job sooner because they dont need a great deal of orientation to get up to speed and they dont need to give notice before they begin learning and helping out. 24.  Lower job failure rate   because youre hiring individuals that already know the culture and you know their skill set and performance better than external candidates, the job failure and termination rate is generally lower with internal transfers. External hiring costs are significantly higher than the cost of internal transfers. 25.  Increase manager excitement   having different employees with their excitement and new ideas rotate in and out will serve to relieve boredom and help to excite your managers. 26.  More diverse ideas   by having more diverse employees moving in and out of your department, the team will gain diverse ideas, as well as learning how to better understand the value of having a diverse workforce. 27.  Decreased need for layoffs   having a large percentage of your workers that have a broad set of skills as a result of frequent movement means they are more capable of moving into new jobs or business units. This added capability and flexibility means that more workers can be transferred rather than laid-off from business units need to be reduced or shut down. 28.  Individual employee benefits   individual employees will also receive benefits from faster internal movement including more opportunities for development and learning as well as a faster overall career movement because they are proactively placed in the right job. 29.  Increase understanding between overhead in the line   the formerly isolated individuals that work in overhead functions will spend more time working in-line functions. As a result, there will likely be more cooperation and less bureaucracy emanating from overhead functions. 30.  Improving managers   with the increased number of rotations, and the feedback emanating from rotatees, it will be increasingly difficult to remain a hidden bad manager anywhere in the organization. Having more workers join the team might force managers to develop procedure manuals and templates so that new hires can get up to speed more quickly. 31.  A competitive advantage   intramovement programs are designed not in isolation, but instead to provide a competitive advantage over competitors. As a result, the initial design of the program and its periodic updates are designed to ensure that program is superior to what is offered at competitive. CONCLUSION After study the benefits importance of job rotation we can see that its a important process to develop the organization culture productivity of organization. It also helps for the development of employees in the organization or company. By this process employees learn about different jobs and improve the skills and knowledge about jobs. An organization can gain or profit after this program. Because this process developed the working skills and efficiency of the workers. So, job rotation is important for the all the organization. ARTICLES Best Practices for Bank Board Committees Nov 2008, the article is written by David Baris, Community Banker, and Washington. Most bank boards of directors need board committees. Even during these challenging times, there still remain bank boards that do not have committees. Additionally, just having board committees in place doesnt mean that they are functioning well or serving the best interests of the board. In the Guidebook to Effective Bank Board Committees, author Jack Milligan pointed to four critical elements for the successful operations of board committees that may also be considered best practices: 1. a clear, written charter outlining responsibilities, formats for reporting to the full board, composition, and rotation of membership, 2. clearly designated staff support from management, which minimizes confusion when requests are made for information and ensures that the board has the benefits of inside expertise, 3. assurance that all pertinent information is available in advance of committee meetings, and 4. adequ ate time to do the job. Planning for success Jun 3, 1997 in this article Teresa J Dean, Patrick Dalton, Bankers News, Washington says that To make the best use of a consultant, John Kreitler of law firm Shipman Goodwin offers ideas for a written contract, including: 1. Provide a clear description of the work with outcomes and responsibilities. 2. Have a clear schedule that will provide early warning signals of problems. 3. Establish procedures and criteria for what is an acceptable final product. The weekly rotation of jobs in the data processing and customer service sections has improved both morale and productivity at Marion State Bank. Advanced Automated Bank System Goes Live in Norway In March 1988, Fellesdata AS, an advanced, integrated, automatic banking system, went live in Norway. The NCR system includes a network of 16,000 terminals located at 850 savings bank locations. The bank customer benefits from lower service charges and more efficient service, while the banks benefit from better utilization of resources, more opportunities for job rotation, and an enhanced competitive edge. Services offered include: 1. payment of travel fares, 2. hotel and restaurant payments, 3. toll booth payments, 4. business terminals offering banking and other functions, 5. issuance of bank cards, and 6. network management. The banks will offer fully automated services, such as: 1. Minibanks installed at central points in the community, 2. payment of fuel and associated goods, 3. electronic funds transfer at the point of sale (EFTPOS) terminals for payment of goods and services, and 4. a synthetic voice system. With the system, bank employees can provide all services from one wor kstation. The system includes transaction handling of deposits and withdrawals, loans, and credits. Stress Management Training in the Banking Profession Mirabile, Richard J. said that Stress exists when the demands of a situation outweigh the available resources, thereby requiring adaptation or readjustment. A seminar was conducted to provide stress management training to a group of banking professionals in a medium-sized, Midwestern bank. The premise was to identify the primary sources of stress within the profession and to develop a set of strategies designed to deal with each stressor identified. A pre-session questionnaire asked respondents to list what they felt to be the primary obstacles to successful job performance. The stressors listed were placed in 4 groups depending upon their frequency. The most frequent stressor was customer demands/contact. The 2nd phase of the seminar involved addressing specific stressors by suggesting possible methods for effectively managing that stressor. Relaxation techniques were presented to participants to supplement the verbal content of the stress management concept. Small Bank Computer Systems-The Practicalities of Control Tarwater, Joan. In the small computer systems of many banks, traditional electronic data processing (EDP) controls are lacking because either there is no clear separation of duties or resources are limited. This necessitates more active involvement within the top levels of bank management in understanding the capabilities and limits of the data processing function. This involvement represents the best alternative to the formal, traditional controls that may be absent. The computer environments, the audit, the separation of duties represent 3 critical areas where alternative controls need to be developed. Security measures, such as no smoking in the computer room may be amended, for example, to allow smoking in certain areas of the room. Audit duties may be divided between the controller and his secretary and an annual external audit may be instituted. Alternative controls to separation of duties may include job rotation, or increased top-level management in the daily operations of th e data processing function. Rx for Worn-Out Bank Managers Deeney, Jack. American Bankers Association. ABA Banking Journal Deeney, Jack. For companies with increasing numbers of middle- and senior-level managers who do not seem to care anymore, executive rehabilitation should be considered. People are an organizations most valuable resource. A large portion of worn-out managers are the result of technological bypass. Middle- and senior-level managers do not automatically progress through the stages involved in implementing new technologies. They become overwhelmed and confused when they are left behind. Top management must be committed to the rejuvenation of its managers, who need to feel they are important and that they have an opportunity to grow and advance. The managerial personality needs both feedback and challenge. Programs should be directed toward the retention of key executives and the remotivation of marginal performers. The best methods for accomplishing these objectives include: 1. outside training, 2. importing outside experts, 3. apprenticeship with a senior-level manager, 4. restructuring responsibility, 5. job rotation, and 6. multi-level review Floor discussion of Labor Market Responses to a Change in Economic System, by Flanagan . The World HYPERLINK http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?RQT=318pmid=13775TS=1272465813clientId=129893VInst=PRODVName=PQDVType=PQDBankHYPERLINK http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?RQT=318pmid=13775TS=1272465813clientId=129893VInst=PRODVName=PQDVType=PQD Research Observer. In a discussion of Flanagans article, Labor Market Responses to a Change in Economic System, the question was raised as to why unemployment is so high in Central and Eastern Europe and so much lower in the countries of the former Soviet Union, where wages seem to have taken the brunt of adjustment. According to Richard Layard, wage flexibility exists in countries of the former Soviet Union because the workers position relative to management is weak, which has lead to more job rotation than in other countries. Layard mentioned a wage subsidy for downsizing, that is, to limit cyclical employment. Based on US experience with subsidies targeted to particular groups of workers, Flanagan was not convinced that paying the subsidy to the employer gets around the problem, because for some problems the employers choose not to use the subsidy. Flanagan realizes that it was an item of faith in the active labor market community that targeting increases efficiency, but there is at least some evide nce from US targeted wage subsidy programs that targeting may facilitate adverse signaling. The trader: The bulls charge into cyclical stocks, tech shares rally smartly and utilities go begging Bary, Andrew. Barrons. New York, The panic that sent the Dow Jones Industrial Average plunging 171 points a week ago Friday lifted by the following Monday morning, enabling the stock market to regain at least the appearance of its old health. Nearly all the Dows gains came Monday when the average surged 110 points, its 3rd-largest point rise ever. That rapid recovery only reinforced the view among many investors that selloffs are no longer the dreaded events of old but are to be welcomed as a buying opportunity in a great bull market. Out of portfolios went drug companies and makers of household products, along with banks and utilities, and in their place came a host of cyclical industries, including chemicals, aluminum, autos, retailers and technology. DuPont rose 5 1/8 to 81 1/4, while Caterpillar advanced 4 3/4 to 72, and Sears Roebuck added 4 1/4 to 50 1/8. IBM gained 5 5/8 to 119 7/8. The Dows biggest looser was Merck, down 2 1/4 to 62 1/8. Training employees of a public Iranian bank on emotional intelligence competencies Mina Dadehbeigi, Melika Shirmohammadi. Journal of European Industrial Training. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possibility of developing emotional intelligence (EI) as conceptualized in Boyatzis et al.s competency model. Design/methodology/approach Designing a context-based EI training program, the study utilized a sample of 68 fully-employed members of five branches of a public bank in Iran; each branch underwent an eight-week (each session 120 minutes) EI training program. Pre- and post-tests were conducted to assess EI development using emotional competence inventory (ECI-2), a 360-degree measurement tool. Findings Only one EI cluster out of four improved significantly and only some of the specific dimensions showed this significant improvement, while others did not have a clear change and even some self assessments deteriorated. Research limitations/implications Lack of a control group, small sample size, and short training program are the main limitations of this study. Practical implications Detailed explanation of the method could be a g uide for service organizations that wish to improve EI. Originality/value Because of the lack of empirical studies in this field of research, the paper reports the results of a pre-/post study on EI training and development and sets out to add to this narrow literature. 10. BUSINESS LINE: India: MAs seem a reality among public sector banks Businessline. Chennai: Nov 19, 2000 After a successful three-year stint at the helm of the Punjab and Sind Bank (PSB), which turned around sustainably, Mr. Surinder Singh Kohli took over as Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of the Punjab National Bank (PNB) in April. A mechanical engineer from the Benares Hindu University, Mr. Kohli is also Chairman of the Indian Banks Association (IBA) and the acting Chairman and Managing Director of the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI). In a candid interview with Business Line, Mr. Kohli discussed the various issues affecting the banking industry. VRS is not the only method to improve productivity. It is one measure to right-size banks and may increase productivity. Besides the VRS, it is necessary to augment HRD activities, including job rotation, changes in the performance appraisal system and provide incentives that would improve the motivation of bank employees. In the PNB, the VRS is open from November 1-30, and action on the VRS requests will be taken there after. Overall, more emphasis has to be placed on training. We have 10 training centres, a Regional Staff College at Panchukula and an apex college at Delhi. Two more regional training centres are coming up at Thane in Mumbai, and in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. They will bolster the banks existing training capacity. The annual expenditure on training is about Rs 10 crore. Measures such as performance appraisals, career- path and succession planning and the introduction of non-monetary incentives to the staff are being initiated to augment HRD activities. REFRENCES: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_rotation http://www.alagse.com/hr/hr9.php http://www.citehr.com/1205-eight-points-you-need-consider-about-job-rotation.html http://www.allbusiness.com/services/educational-services/4286266-1.html http://www.docstoc.com/docs/24775105/JOB-ROTATION-AND-TRANSFER/ http://hrmba.blogspot.com/2009/11/job-rotation-and-transfer.html

Leadership in Ford

Influence of organizational contexts on leadership in Ford in the US and Europe. Introduction Nowadays organizational context is very important, because leaders have to make decisions relying on big amounts of information, which changes every day. Moreover depending on various situations leadership theories work different, it makes hard to predict the consequences of decisions relying only on theory. Depending on organizational context different leadership style can be used.Throughout the history of Ford, company distinguished itself by iron control of Henry Ford the first and the second. Their â€Å"great man† approach brought success to Ford, but eventually this approach became ineffective due to globalization and changing environment. This resulted in the need for followers of Henry Ford the second to introduce the big change for company, change in leadership approach and organizational culture. In addition Ford opened branches almost all over the world, so new approaches, vision and leadership is needed.This essay will cover questions about different styles of leadership in Ford in the US and Europe, key contextual issues that impact on strategic leadership in Ford and will consider main contextual challenges for Ford leaders. Depending on the context effective leader must be able to adopt his style to the demands and changing environment (Northouse, 2010). Question one The contextual issues significantly impact on strategic leadership. Two main contextual issues that impact on strategic leadership in Ford organizational culture and national culture.Organisational culture is a set of moral precepts, values, norms of behaviour in particular company accepted by members (Besanko et al, 2010). National culture is a set of values, rules, customs, traditions shared by people speaking the same language and having similar mindsets and moral principles (Northouse, 2010). Globalization has created many challenges for organizations including effective selection of leaders, adaptation to many cultures, creation of different approaches to nationally various employees (Northouse, 2010).It became necessary for top managers to take into consideration peculiarities, mentality, values and characteristics of different cultures to develop business abroad, because many problems in relationships between people can occur due to variations in norms, habits and values (Needle, 2004). Ford was not an exception and needed to turn the company around. As a company that was operating not only in US, but also in Europe and still doing it, Ford had to create unique strategy and organizational culture for both areas, which differ from each other.To build a successful strategy it is necessary to know national features of countries where organization is going to operate. According to GLOBE researchers who identified 10 clusters of countries (depending on cultural data), US were set into Anglo cluster and Europe was divided into four clusters: Eastern Europe, Lat in Europe, Germanic Europe and Nordic Europe (House, et al, 2004). These clusters have their own characteristics affecting leadership in particular areas, so demands for leaders in these clusters are different. Two describe how different cultures view leadership behaviors in others GLOBE researchers identified six global leadership behaviors†(House & Javidan, 2004 in Northouse, 2010, p. 348). First is charismatic/value-based leadership that includes being decisive, self-denying and performance oriented, being a motivator and inspirer (Northouse, 2010). Second is team-oriented leadership that includes team building, establishing common goals and such characteristics as diplomacy, collaboration (Northhouse, 2010). Third is participative leadership that means degree to which leader involves employees in decision-making ( Northouse, 2010).Next is â€Å"humane-oriented leadership that emphasizes being supportive, considerate, compassionate, and generous (Northouse, 2010, p. 348). Last is self-protective management that puts on top leaders who are face saving, conflict, aware of their status (Northouse, 2010). In that way Anglo countries including US want leaders to be charismatic, humane-oriented, extremely motivating and visionary, democratic, moreover leaders have to focus on team and to be independent (Northouse, 2010). For this reason Don Petersen and Harold `Red’ Poling with their mindsets perfectly corresponded this requirements.Europe, divided into 4 clusters has its own characteristics, but they are more complex due to peculiarities of clusters. Ideally it is better to have a particular approach for each cluster, nevertheless there are some common requirements for leaders in Europe such as charismatic and value-based person (Norhouse, 2010). As Ford has its offices and plants in Germany, England, Romania, Russia, Belgium, Spain, France and Turkey, it is necessary to consider Latin Europe cluster, Eastern Europe cluster and Germanic Europe clus ter. There are three branches in Germanic cluster: two in Germany and one in Belgium.For this cluster ideal leader is expected to be charismatic, inspirational and autonomous, to have participative style, to focus on team (Northouse, 2010). Two branches are located in Latin Europe Cluster: one in Spain and one in France. In this cluster leader has to be team oriented as well, has to be participative and self-oriented (Northouse, 2010). Two more branches operate in Russia and Romania. For the Eastern European countries it is necessary for leader to have self-protective leadership style, to be team-oriented, to make decisions independently (Nothouse, 2010).All this factors and characteristics of clusters make it very complex to find perfect leadership style, nevertheless there are some points of contact between these clusters. Moreover GLOBE identified 22 leadership attributes that are universally desirable (House, et al, 2004, p. 39). As a result leader is a person who is honest, cha rismatic, value-based and team-oriented (Dorfman et al. , 2004, in Northouse, 2010). In addition Hofstede (2010, in Needle, 2004) identified 5 characteristics on which countries differ from each other. Power distance is the extent to which members of society accept that power is distributed unequally† (Needle, 2004, p. 148). It was found that in France for example power distance is large, on the contrary Germany and the USA, where power distance is small. Individualistic societies are the US and the UK, but Germany and France have also high rate of individualism (Needle, 2004). It means that these countries prefer more to look â€Å"after yourself or your immediate family group† (Needle, 2004, p. 149). â€Å"Uncertainty avoidance is the extent to which members of society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty† (Needle, 2004, p. 49). According to Hofstede (1994, in Needle, 2004) France and Germany tend to be more anxious about the future than UK and US. Masculine soc ieties like USA, UK and Germany used to prefer material success and achievement, while France is more anxious about quality of life and equality between sexes (Needle, 2004). Long-term orientation is not common neither in Germany, or US and UK, so these countries more used to short-term strategies (Needle, 2004). Taking all this facts into consideration becomes clear it is not easy to find appropriate leader for multinational companies like Ford.Leadership style has to be very adaptable and leader has to be competent and skilful. Organizational cultures in Europe and US were different and impacted leadership style in particular way. In US reorganized organizational culture, which was based on employee involvement and participative management demanded leadership style, based on participation, team-orientation, humane-orientation, such qualities as visionary, motivation and inspiration were necessary for leader. In Europe organizational culture has to be perfectly balanced due to the difference in national cultures.In that way organizational culture context in Ford in Europe is closely linked with national culture context and it is very complex mission for leaders to create strong organizational culture in Europe. It is not good for company, if its organizational culture is weak, because it â€Å"sets the scene for the determination of strategy and hence the operational aspects of organizational life† (Needle, 2004, p. 238). Question two There were different contextual challenges for leaders in Ford in Europe and US as a result they managed with them in a different way.One of the most important challenges for leaders in Ford in the US and Europe was getting power in company and control over staff. Power in terms of leadership means â€Å"capacity or potential to influence† (Northouse, 2010, p. 8). They all had position power and it was necessary for them to strengthen their positions in company by getting more power. Petersen with his leadership st yle engaged people feelings, introduced participative management and managed to strengthen his position in company by this approach.This approach perfectly corresponded to main values of Ford, because Petersen obtained ideas and opinions of employees, integrated their suggestions into top decision-making (Northouse, 2010). As a result he got not only position power, but also a personal power. It made possible to influence followers as they saw him as knowledgeable and likable (Northouse, 2010). Moreover it helped him to bring control over employees, who were happy, because they could participate in top-decision making.From that moment he knew the ideas of his followers, and he was using them in the interests of Ford. While Don Petersen was using participative leadership and reshaping goals of employees through mission of Ford, Harold `Red’ Poling was controlling final goal setting. Petersen and Poling managed to brought to Ford’s top team an intuitive and feeling appro ach to decision-making, something which is rarely found at that level (Starkey, 1996, p. 379), because participative leadership and management helps employees learn what leads to what (House & Mitchell, 1974, p. 92, in Northouse, 2010).As Peterson and Poling received more power and control over their followers, there was no need to find new cadres, this resulted in formation of strong team, which was easy to lead. Billy Hayden, Europe’s Vice President of Manufacturing was in other situation. He had to get used to peculiarities of leading in Europe and to adopt his own leadership style. Moreover the situation was more complex than in the US due to high standards of the main rival Toyota. Billy Haeden was going to change behavioural patterns and mindsets in Ford in Europe, but nothing really changed.It caused many problems afterwards. As a result there was no strong team with an intuitive and feeling approach to decision-making which was needed even more than in the US, his lea dership style was backward looking, so the whole organization was not able to compete with Toyota. The only power he had was legitimate power, and without balance like in case with Harold `Red’ Poling and Don Petersen, he was using it in a wrong way. Billy Hayden did not managed to create strong team, because he has given a steady turnover of top cadres and nobody could be a counterbalance for him.Eventually the change in organization, which brought success to Ford in the US, was introduced in Europe, but it was too late. Moreover values, mindsets, norms, patterns that were introduced in the US should be adapted to Europe and leadership style of Billy Hayden did not match these approach. Conclusion Organizational context became very important to every leader, manager and company on the whole. Without taking into consideration organizational context it is very hard and risky for any leader to make important decisions and lead company to success.Organizational contexts influenc e on leadership style, and depending on different peculiarities of context, appropriate leadership style can be chosen. Due to globalization culture context has great impact on leadership style, it became necessary for leader to know main features of mentality of nation in country, where he operates. Ford as a company, which has its branches almost all over the world, faced challenges and it was crucial to find a leader with appropriate leadership style. Don Petersen and Harold `Red’ Poling with their tandem led Ford US to success mostly due to perfect balance of power and participative management.Their style perfectly matched need of Ford in visionary leadership with necessary control. Petersen and Poling also showed the importance of power context. They managed to use not only position power, but personal power as well. Billy Hayden was in different situation, he did not managed to get personal power, and as a result he did not create a strong team, he did not adopt to the national cultures and his leadership style was not able to bring success. These situation emphases on the importance of cultural context, if company operates worldwide.Reference list Besanko, D. , Dranove, D. , Shanley, M. , Schaefer, S. , (2010). Economics of strategy, John Wiley & Sons House, R. J. , Hanges, P. J. , Javidan, M. , Dorfman, P. W. , Gupta, V. , & Associates (Eds. ). (2004). Culture, leadeeship, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Needle, D. , (2004). Business in context, an introduction to business and its environment, Thomson Learning, London. Northouse, P. G. , (2010) Leadership: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

English as a Second Language Essay

The United States has long been viewed as the Land of Opportunity for many decades. Despite the numerous challenges that the country had to face within the recent years, this image of the United States has not wavered. Hundreds of thousands of people from all over the world continue to flock to the United States to try their luck, and to provide their children a brighter future than what they could ever have in their respective countries of origin. The continuous stream of immigrants into the country, and the fact that most of these immigrants come from countries where English is not the national language, it is no longer difficult to come across an individual in the streets who either speaks no English or has a limited mastery of the language. This is despite the fact that there has now been a rise in the number of countries that have now started programs to help train the younger generations, and even adults, to become fluent and adept to speaking, reading and writing in the English language. In many states in the country, particularly those located along the U. S. – Mexico border, the number of individuals who are unable to speak, read, write English fluently outnumber those that do (Carreira 2000; Lipski 2004; U. S. English Foundation 2005). As a result, the U. S. government has taken measures to establish a set of guidelines and standards for faculty teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) in schools within the United States, especially in public school systems situated in areas within the U. S. – Mexico border such as South Texas. This paper aims to present and evaluate the standards that have been applied in the country with regards to the teaching of ESL in schools in the United States. The paper would also present the ideal classroom setting, standards and method of teaching of ESL in school facilities in the country. These ideal standards would then be compared to the current standards and methods that is observable in ESL teaching facilities in the country. Based on the discrepancies, recommendations would then be provided at the end of the paper in order to ensure that the ideal standards are realized. The Academic Achievement Gap Issue In order to understand the importance of the evaluation of the standards and method of teaching ESL in classrooms implemented by the U. S. government, a background on the different events that have led to the creation and implementation of these standards should first be provided. The population of students enrolling in school systems around the country has been dramatically changing since the 1990s. Because of the rise of the number of immigrants relocating in the United States, the ethnic backgrounds and origins of these students have become more diverse such that the ratio of the number of native English speakers in classrooms against non-English speakers is 1:10 (Short 2000). The diversification of the students in terms of their ethnic backgrounds has resulted to an observable division between English-speaking and non-English-speaking students, particularly when it comes to the level of their performance in academics. Research studies have shown that non-native English-speaking students constantly struggle in achieving the same academic performance and standing as compared to their native English-speaking peers, which has come to be known as the Academic Achievement Gap. Based on the studies conducted in reference to determining the factors which has resulted to the presence of this gap between students in school systems of all year levels, researchers have determined that the primary factor for the presence of this gap is due to the lack of proficiency of the English language on the part of the non-native English-speaking students (Jia, Eslami & Burlbaw 2006; Lavin-Loucks 2006; Rumberger & Anguiano 2003). The Implementation of ESL Standards Since its discovery, the U. S. government has made addressing the Academic Achievement Gap one of its major concerns. This has then resulted to the passing of the Educate America Act in order to cater to the needs of non-native English-speaking students to increase the standards of their academic performance within the classroom. As a result of the passing of this act, the Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (TESOL) developed a set of guidelines to serve as standards which would be implemented within the classroom setting (Short 2000). Altogether, there are nine ESL guidelines that have been established by TESOL to be implemented in academic institutions throughout the country. These guidelines were created in order to meet three specific objectives. The first of these three objectives is to provide non-native English-speaking students the ability to communicate within their social settings. Because of their limited mastery of the English language, non-native English-speaking students become withdrawn and non-participative in classroom discussions. Through the ESL standards established by TESOL, these students would be able to develop speech act behaviors which would, in turn, allow them to participate more during class discussions, comprehend the subject matter being discussed by the instructor and be able to convey themselves during social settings (Hafemik, Messerchmitt & Vandrick 2002; Short 2000). The second objective is to allow non-native English-speaking students the ability to achieve and excel within the academic institution. Regardless of the ethnic background of the students being handled, the expectations held by instructors to their students remain the same. By being able to provide the needs of non-native English-speaking students, they would be able to meet these expectations which include the completion of assignments through both written and oral methods (Hafemik, Messerschmitt & Vandrick 2002). The third objective TESOL aims to achieve through the implementation of ESL standards in academic institutions in the United States is to provide non-native English-speaking students the ability to use the English language in a manner that would be considered by their native English-speaking peers as socially and culturally correct. While it is true that a number of immigrants relocating in the United States have some form of mastery of written and oral English, the manner as to how the language is used by such immigrants may be considered by native English-speaking individuals to be rude and unacceptable. As such, the guidelines established by TESOL aims to correct the misuse of the English language in this manner by guiding non-native English-speaking students not just in becoming fluent and adept to the English language. The guidelines and standards would also aid in the teaching of the proper means of communicating using the English language such that their native English-speaking peers would regard as proper and appropriate (Short 2000).

Student - 613 Words

Extra Credit PAYAM FAKERI I will like to prove my idea and agree with Piketty’s idea that the riches get richer and poor get poorer, particularly in a bad recession. My focus of my statement will be based on United States market; As we all know US economy is based of capitalism system; That means there are lots of money available thought wealthy major capital holders that they are not even more than 10% of the population of the US. Pickettys premise is that capitalism has a natural drift toward income inequality because assets like stock and real estate tend to grow in value faster than the economy as a whole. Piketty’s inequality theory is based on a formula he calls â€Å"R gt; G,† meaning that the return on capital wealth exceeds the†¦show more content†¦In a recent economy crises; they are many companies ( investors ) that they are rich and have capital; they try to offer a loan at the very fast way if someone needs CASH; by having then sign a contract with the interest rate of 112% against their vehicle ( title loan). So investors get richer and poor people that ding to have $2000 cash get poorer. It can be even related to taxes – Richer get richer, pay less but regular person pays more, because rich can hire a CPA or go to professional accounting firm at the higher rate per hour or case but and middle class person just go to ordinary places to file his tax and probably ending up to pay more taxes. 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